资源类型

期刊论文 301

会议视频 16

年份

2024 1

2023 26

2022 34

2021 27

2020 20

2019 18

2018 23

2017 19

2016 16

2015 19

2014 15

2013 12

2012 12

2011 9

2010 10

2009 8

2008 13

2007 12

2006 3

2005 3

展开 ︾

关键词

能源 4

可持续发展 3

政策建议 3

智慧环保 3

环境 3

“一带一路” 2

互联网+ 2

产业 2

关键技术 2

城市河流 2

工程水压爆破 2

战略 2

技术创新 2

核能 2

环境保护 2

环境影响 2

环境污染 2

环境管理 2

节能 2

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1

摘要： An overview of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental accidents in China in recent years was presented in this paper using available data. The results showed that the frequency of pollution accidents was significantly decreased, from 3462 in 1990 to 462 in 2007. The water and air pollution accidents were found to be the dominant types, accounting for more than 80% of the total accidents. Considering the classification of environmental accidents at 4 scales, the general environmental accident, i.e., the least serious type, was the most frequent event, taking up 58.98% of the total pollution accidents. In addition, the distribution of environmental accidents was generally in accordance with the industrial layout in the country during the past decade. It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing trend in underdeveloped regions, which was caused by the transfer and the development of heavy polluted industry in these areas. As to the losses of environmental accidents, the casualties presented an obvious reduction tendency, while the direct economic loss per accident tended to climb up. Furthermore, some key factors that affect the spatial and temporal tendencies of environmental accidents in China were discussed and some suggestions were put forward, hoping to shed light on environmental risk management and emergency plans making associated with environmental accidents in China.

关键词： environmental accidents     spatial and temporal trends     environmental risk    

HTML PDF 收藏

重大环境污染事故风险模糊排序方法研究

熊德琪,陈钢,李琼

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第8期   页码 46-50

摘要：

根据工厂重大环境污染事故风险评价呈多指标多层次结构，且风险性排序具有相对性和模糊性的特点，运用模糊集理论中的权距离和隶属度概念，并将最小二乘法加以拓展，提出能够有效解决此类多指标多层次排序或优选问题的模糊排序方法。用于对大连市4家重点工厂的事故风险性进行评价和排序，评价结果合理、准确。

关键词： 污染事故     风险     排序     评价     模糊    

HTML PDF 收藏

Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 872-886 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0796-2

摘要： The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents (DBAs) and beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), including severe accidents (SAs) with core meltdown, in NPP design (NP-001-15, NP-082-07, and others). For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs, it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification (RD-03-33-2008, RD-03-34-2000) and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report (SAR) (NP-006-16). The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) (formerly, thermohydraulics (RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes (SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum (HEFEST)) was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor (WWER) at all stages of the accident. Enhancements to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers (Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN)) with OKB Gidropress JSC and other organizations. Currently, the SOCRAT/1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant (RP) safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel melting. To perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/1, the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied, which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident scenario. This study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/1. Approaches have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC SOCRAT. This process, which is clearly structured in OKB Gidropress JSC, provides a noticeable reduction in human involvement, and reduces the probability of erroneous results.

关键词： system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT)     design basis accidents (DBAs)     severe accidents (SAs)     computer code (CC)     nuclear power plant (NPP) design     water-cooled water-moderated (WWER)     modeling     model     safety requirements    

HTML PDF 收藏

The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

Lei HUANG, Zhijuan SHAO, Weiliang BAO, Bailing DUAN, Jun BI, Zengwei YUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 860-868 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0467-y

摘要： To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, , , and , significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, , , and , also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.

关键词： risk perception     willingness to pay     contingent valuation method     risk management school of the environment    

HTML PDF 收藏

Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic accidents

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 657-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0827-z

摘要： The purpose of this research was to develop statistical and intelligent models for predicting the severity of road traffic accidents (RTAs) on rural roads. Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to predict the likelihood of RTAs. For more accurate prediction, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radius Basis Function (RBF) neural networks were applied. Results indicated that in MLR, the model obtained from the backward method with the correct percent of 84.7% and R2 value of 0.893 was the best method for predicting the likelihood of RTAs. Also, MLR showed that the variables of not paying attention to the front not paying attention to the frontroad ahead, followed byand then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents were the greatest problems. Among the models, MLP had a better performance, so that the prediction accuracy of MLR, MLP, and RBF were 84.7%, 96.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. MLP model, due to higher accuracy, showed that the variable of reason of accident had the highest effect on the prediction of accidents, and considering MLR results, the variables of not paying attention to the front and then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents had the most influence on the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, motorcyclists and cyclists are more prone to accidents, and appropriate solutions should be adopted to enhance their safety.

关键词： safety     rural accidents     multiple logistic regression     artificial neural networks    

HTML PDF 收藏

中法关于核能与环境的联合研究 Feature Article

赵宪庚, 叶其蓁, Sébastien Candel, Dominique Vignon, Robert Guillaumont

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期   页码 159-172 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.011

摘要：

本文聚焦核能的环境影响问题，将解决如下核能发电相关的主要环境问题：①控制正常运行条件下核设施的放射性排放，评估其非放射性环境影响（取水与非放射性水的排放）；②乏燃料与放射性废物的长期管理，主要是通过地质处置库处理的乏燃料或放射性废物；③防止和缓解严重核事故以及核事故的放射性释放；④改善核安全水平，以限制核能的环境影响，提升公众的核能接受度。核能的温室气体排放水平非常低，可以根据需求供应大规模、可调度电力，在此方面核能具有独特的优势。在正常运行工况下，核电站每年释放到周围公众的有效辐射剂量可以忽略不计。国际社会已经开展了大量的努力，以确定可持续管理地质处置条件下高放长寿命放射性废物的方法。过去几次严重核事故中获得的经验为核能生产相关的安全问题提供了经验，也促成了重要的安全改进，其中包括反应堆的设计和运行管理方面的改善以及事故管理指导方针的制定等。事实证明，这些经验是非常宝贵的。严重事故的环境风险已经被大幅降低，相关的规约也已经建立起来，以最大限度地减少严重核事故条件下放射性物质的释放，并避免大规模的人员疏散。还需要继续采取措施，改善反应堆的安全性，提升核工业与核监管机构的透明度，以进一步降低核能的环境影响。

关键词： 核能     环境影响     放射性废物管理     严重核事故     核安全    

HTML PDF 收藏

火灾事故的灰色-马尔可夫模型预测研究

毛占利,朱毅,杨伯忠,朱磊

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第1期   页码 98-101

摘要：

鉴于火灾事故的发生受多种复杂因素的影响，并且具有较大的随机性和波动性的特点，笔者等将灰色模型和马尔可夫模型相结合，建立火灾事故的灰色–马尔可夫模型，利用灰色模型的灰色性和马尔可夫模型的随机性来体现各自的优点，并运用该模型对全国农村火灾事故进行预测。实际应用表明，灰色–马尔可夫模型的预测精度明显高于灰色模型的预测精度，完全能满足预测精度的要求，可以较好地用于火灾事故的预测。

关键词： 灰色模型     马尔可夫模型     火灾事故     预测    

HTML PDF 收藏

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5

摘要： Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies (EFPs) in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit (GC), green security (GS), and green insurance (GI) instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental management, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关键词： environmental finance policy     integrated mechanism     phased evolution     implementation progress     financial institution     environmental management    

HTML PDF 收藏

Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2

摘要： In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr

关键词： law-abiding     punishment     environmental protection     law-breaking     enterprise    

HTML PDF 收藏

Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy     distributed environment policy     distributed parameter model     lumped parameter model    

HTML PDF 收藏

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1624-1

摘要：

● Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic structural transitions.

关键词： Environmental pressures     Environmental impacts     Nexus     Supply chains     Trade     Coupled systems    

HTML PDF 收藏

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

摘要： Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.

关键词： hydrogel     photocatalysts     energy conversion     environmental treatment    

HTML PDF 收藏

NewIndustrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Qian Yi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 71-75 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014011

摘要： Serious environmental problems have appeared in China since the rapid economic growth 30 years ago, which affect human's health and become a limiting factor for further development. It has brought about the rethinking of traditional ways for economy development and environmental protection, and realized that the change in the model of development and environment protection is of significance. A new industrial revolution is needed for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This paper discusses the characteristics of the new industrial revolution for sustainable development including cleaner production, circular economy, and industrial ecology. Lessons from China and abroad will be introduced to prove that new strategies for environment protection and economic development are needed.

关键词： industrial ecology     new industrial revolution     environmental protection     cleaner production     circular economy    

HTML PDF 收藏

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 2-16 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0370-y

摘要： The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, risk-based information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.

关键词： persistent organic pollutant (POPs)     environmental risk assessment     inventory     environmental monitoring     fugacity model     emerging POPs    

HTML PDF 收藏

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

期刊论文

重大环境污染事故风险模糊排序方法研究

熊德琪,陈钢,李琼

期刊论文

Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

期刊论文

The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

Lei HUANG, Zhijuan SHAO, Weiliang BAO, Bailing DUAN, Jun BI, Zengwei YUAN

期刊论文

Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic accidents

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

期刊论文

中法关于核能与环境的联合研究

赵宪庚, 叶其蓁, Sébastien Candel, Dominique Vignon, Robert Guillaumont

期刊论文

火灾事故的灰色-马尔可夫模型预测研究

毛占利,朱毅,杨伯忠,朱磊

期刊论文

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

期刊论文

Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

期刊论文

Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

期刊论文

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

期刊论文

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

期刊论文

NewIndustrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Qian Yi

期刊论文

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

期刊论文

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

期刊论文